Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Hee-Sun Kim

3 Articles

Sulfatase 1 and sulfatase 2 as novel regulators of macrophage antigen presentation and phagocytosis: Hyun-Je Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Young-Hoon Hong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):326-336. Published online June 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01025

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Background
Sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) is critical for the binding and signaling of ligands that mediate inflammation. Extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases regulate posttranslational sulfation levels and patterns of HSPGs. In this study, extracellular 6-O-endosulfatases, sulfatase (Sulf)-1 and Sulf-2, were evaluated for their expression and function in inflammatory cells and tissues.
Methods
Harvested human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide, and murine peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β for the evaluation of Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 expression. Sulf expression in inflammatory cells was examined in the human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium by immunofluorescence staining. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were compared according to the expression state of Sulfs. Sulfs-knockdown macrophages and Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages were generated using small interfering RNAs and pcDNA3.1 plasmids for Sulf-1 and Sulf-2, respectively.
Results
Lymphocytes and monocytes showed weak Sulf expression, which remained unaffected by IL-1β. However, peritoneal macrophages showed increased expression of Sulfs upon stimulation with IL-1β. In human RA synovium, two-colored double immunofluorescent staining of Sulfs and CD68 revealed active upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages of inflamed tissues, but not in lymphocytes of lymphoid follicles. Macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells. The antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages were dependent on the level of Sulf expression, suppressed in Sulfs-knockdown macrophages, and enhanced in Sulfs-overexpressing macrophages.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate that upregulation of Sulfs in macrophages occurs in response to inflammation, and Sulfs actively regulate the antigen presentation and phagocytic activities of macrophages as novel immune regulators.

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The prognostic value and immunological role of SULF2 in adrenocortical carcinoma
Jiusong Yan, Xiaodu Xie, Qinke Li, Peihe Liang, Junyong Zhang, Guangyong Xu
Heliyon.2023; 9(2): e13613. CrossRef
Machine learning-based metabolism-related genes signature, single-cell RNA sequencing, and experimental validation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Jie He, Bo Wang, Meifeng Chen, Lingmeng Song, Hezhi Li
Medicine.2023; 102(40): e34940. CrossRef
Extracellular sulfatase-2 is overexpressed in rheumatoid arthritis and mediates the TNF-α-induced inflammatory activation of synovial fibroblasts
Ruby J. Siegel, Anil K. Singh, Paul M. Panipinto, Farheen S. Shaikh, Judy Vinh, Sang U. Han, H. Mark Kenney, Edward M. Schwarz, Cynthia S. Crowson, Sadik A. Khuder, Basil S. Khuder, David A. Fox, Salahuddin Ahmed
Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2022; 19(10): 1185. CrossRef
Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Is Predicted to Stabilize Inflammatory Infiltrate Formation and RANKL/OPG Ratio in Severe Periodontitis in Humans
Roko Duplancic, Marija Roguljic, Darko Bozic, Darko Kero
Bioengineering.2022; 9(10): 566. CrossRef
Mood Regulatory Actions of Active and Sham Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation in Antidepressant Resistant Rats
Rajas P. Kale, Thanh Thanh L. Nguyen, J. Blair Price, Nathanael J. Yates, Ken Walder, Michael Berk, Roy V. Sillitoe, Abbas Z. Kouzani, Susannah J. Tye
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Effect of Paraxanthine on Body Fat Reduction and Insulin Sensitivity in Monosodiun Glutamate-Obese Rats: Jae-Kyung Song, So-Young Park, Jong-Yeon Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Yong-Woon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S481-492. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S481

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Abstract PDF

Purpose：To evaluate the effects of body fat reduction on insulin sensitivity, it was measured the glucose disappearance rate, glucose infusion rate, and hepatic glucose production rate after paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine, metabolite of caffeine) treatment in monosodium -L-glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. Materials and Methods：Obesity was induced by neonatal (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days) injection of MSG(4 g/kg, subcutaneously) for 15 weeks. MSG-obese rats showed severe fat deposition in subcutaneous and intraabdominal cavity, shortened body length, normoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high FFA level. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique under anesthesia with pentothal sodium. Plasma insulin concentration was clamped at 100　μU/ml by continuous insulin infusion (1.5 mU/kg/min). At steady state, the glucose disappearance rate and glucose infusion rate were decreased and the hepatic glucose production rate was increased in the MSG-obese rats compared to the normal rats.
Results
：At 15 weeks of age, paraxanthine (15 mg/kg) was administered with ephedrine (60 mg/kg) via per oral for 15 consecutive days. Body fat mass of the paraxanthine treated rats was decreased about 29.6% in the MSG-obese and 6.3% in the normal rats compared with the control rats during 15 days. In the paraxanthine treated MSG-obese rats, the fasting insulin level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased and the glucose infusion rate was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to that of the MSG-control rats, however the glucose disappearance rate showed increasing tendency and the hepatic glucose production rate showed decreasing tendency compared to that of the MSG-control rats.
Conclusion
：These results suggest that paraxanthine exerts an anti-obesity effect and improve insulin sensitivity in rats with MSG-induced obesity.

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Sesamolin Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice
Jing Yu, Hao Sun, Yang Yang, Yaping Yan
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(22): 13853. CrossRef

Effect of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acid on Ob Gene and Fatty Acid Synthase Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte: Jeong-Kyu Chi, So-Young Park, Jong-Yeon Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Yong-Woon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S493-504. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S493

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Abstract PDF: Purpose：The ob gene, specifically expressed in adipocyte, encodes leptin, a hormone that induces satiety and increases energy expenditure. In this study, effects of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid on ob gene expression were investigated by quantitative competitive RT-PCR in a mouse cell line (3T3-L1) which can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes. In addition to ob gene, expression of the fatty acid synthase gene as a marker of lipogenesis was measured simultaneously. Materials and Methods：The 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell were cultured in the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblast to adipocyte was induced by the treatment of 250 nM dexamethasone and 0.5mM 1-methyl-3 -isobutylxanthine. At 10∼14 days after induction, 3T3-L1 cells were fully differentiated and had had lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. At that time, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 12 hours in the fatty acids contained medium and were harvested for RNA extraction. Palmitate as a saturated fatty acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a polyunsaturated fatty acid were used in this experiment and treated concentration was 600 μMol.
Results
：After conversion to adipocytes, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased and leptin mRNA was expressed. Ob gene expressions of differentiated adipocytes were suppressed by palmitate treatment, however, there was no significant change in DHA treated adipocyte. Fatty acid synthase gene expressions, on the other hand, were suppressed by DHA treatment and not changed by palmitate treatment.
Conclusion
：These results suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibited lipogenic process and saturated fatty acid inhibited lipolytic process at cultured adipose cell level.

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